The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.